In vivo antimicrobial effects of endodontic treatment procedures as assessed by molecular microbiologic techniques

Introduction

This culture-independent molecular microbiology study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of chemomechanical preparation supplemented by intracanal medication during treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.

Methods

Samples were taken from 24 necrotic root canals at the baseline (S1), after chemomechanical preparation by using 2.5% NaOCl as the irrigant (S2), and after a 7-day interappointment medication with calcium hydroxide paste in either glycerin (CHG) or camphorated paramonochlorophenol/glycerin (CHPG) (S3). Bacterial, archaeal, and fungal presence was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and bacterial identifications were performed by a closed-ended reverse-capture checkerboard approach targeting 28 candidate endodontic pathogens.

Results

All S1 samples were positive for bacteria but negative for both archaea and fungi. Treatment procedures were highly effective in reducing the bacterial levels and number of taxa. Overall, 46% of S2 samples and 62.5% of S3 samples were PCR-negative for bacteria. Specifically, S2 and S3 samples yielded negative PCR results in 50% and 58% of the canals in the CHG group and in 42% and 67% of the canals in the CHPG group, respectively. Except for comparisons with S1 samples, no other statistically significant differences were observed for intragroup and intergroup comparisons involving S2 and S3. Several taxa were still found in S2 and S3 samples, and the most prevalent were Propionibacterium acnes and Streptococcus species.

Conclusions

Bacterial levels and number of taxa were substantially reduced after chemomechanical preparation and intracanal medication. However, presence of detectable levels of persisting bacteria in many cases indicates that the search for more effective antimicrobial treatment strategies should be stimulated.     

Comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants: a molecular microbiology study

Introduction

The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) when used as irrigants during treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.

Methods

Forty-seven single-rooted single-canal teeth with necrotic pulps and asymptomatic apical periodontitis were selected for this study according to stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria. Bacterial samples were taken at the baseline (S1) and after (S2) chemomechanical preparation using 2.5% NaOCl (n = 30) or 0.12% CHX (n = 17) as the irrigant. Bacterial, archaeal, and fungal presence was evaluated by broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas bacterial identifications were performed by a closed-ended reverse-capture checkerboard approach targeting 28 candidate endodontic pathogens.

Results

All S1 samples were PCR positive for bacterial presence but negative for both archaea and fungi. Both NaOCl- and CHX-based protocols were significantly effective in reducing the bacterial levels and number of taxa. No significant differences were observed between them in all tested parameters including the incidence of negative PCR results in S2 (40% for NaOCl vs 47% for CHX, p = 0.8), reduction in the number of taxa per canal (p = 0.3), and reduction in the bacterial levels (p = 0.07). The most prevalent taxa in S2 samples from the NaOCl group were Propionibacterium acnes, Streptococcus species, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Selenomonas sputigena. In the CHX group, the most prevalent taxa in S2 were Dialister invisus, Actinomyces israelii, Prevotella baroniae, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Streptococcus species.

Conclusions

Treatment protocols using irrigation with either NaOCl or CHX succeded in significantly reducing the the number of bacterial taxa and their levels in infected root canals, with no significant difference between these substances.     

基于代谢组学的水杨酸钠对HEI-OC1细胞损伤作用机制

基于LC-Q-TOF/MS技术探究水杨酸钠对小鼠HEI-OC1毛细胞样细胞中内源性代谢的影响。首先采用不同浓度的水杨酸钠处理HEI-OC1细胞,使用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率的变化。然后观察不同干预时间下水杨酸钠对细胞形态的影响,并利用代谢组学技术进行研究,筛选组间差异代谢产物,分析相关的代谢通路。结果表明,水杨酸钠能够显著抑制HEI-OC1细胞的存活率,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。同时水杨酸钠能够使细胞形态拉长,并在停止给药后恢复正常。水杨酸钠处理HEI-OC1细胞后共筛选出乳清酸、尿苷、天冬氨酸等18种差异代谢物,主要涉及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢及嘧啶代谢这两条可能的代谢通路。综上所述,本研究通过代谢组学技术评价了水杨酸钠对HEI-OC1细胞的作用,可为水杨酸钠耳毒性及耳鸣的发生发展研究提供新思路。     

孟鲁司特钠联合氨溴特罗治疗喘息性支气管炎的效果及对患儿PCT、CRP、IL-6水平的影响

目的 研究孟鲁司特钠联合氨溴特罗治疗喘息性支气管炎的效果及对患儿PCT、CRP、IL-6水平的影响.方法 选取2019年1月至2021年1月我院收治的94例喘息性支气管炎患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为联治组(47例,孟鲁司特钠+氨溴特罗)和对照组(47例,氨溴特罗).比较两组的血清炎症因子指标、肺功能指标、症状消失时间及不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗后,两组的血清PCT、CRP、IL-6水平均降低,且联治组明显低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后,两组的FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC均升高,且联治组明显高于对照组(P<0.05).联治组的咳嗽缓解时间、湿啰音消失时间、哮鸣音消失时间、喘息消失时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05).两组的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 孟鲁司特钠联合氨溴特罗治疗喘息性支气管炎患儿,可改善患儿的炎性因子水平,提高肺功能,快速解除各种临床症状,且安全性较高.     

孟鲁司特钠联合糠酸莫米松对变应性鼻炎患者的疗效

目的探究变应性鼻炎(AR)患者予以孟鲁司特钠与糠酸莫米松联合应用的临床效果。方法本文为前瞻性随机对照试验。选取2019年7月至2022年7月威海市中心医院收治的AR患者98例为研究对象, 采用随机数字表法将其分为两组, 各49例。对照组男27例、女22例, 年龄(35.47±7.09)岁, 予以糠酸莫米松治疗;联合组男23例、女26例, 年龄(36.85±7.37)岁, 予以糠酸莫米松与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗。对比两组临床疗效、炎症水平及用药不良反应。采用χ2检验、t检验。结果联合组总有效率为97.96%(48/49), 明显高于对照组83.67%(41/49), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.404, P=0.036)。治疗前, 两组患者白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后, 联合组IL-4[(115.43±12.83)ng/L]、ICAM-1[(5.74±1.15)μg/L]、CRP水平[(7.36±1.46)mg/L]均明显低于对照组[(127.45±14.16)ng/L、(6...     

前列地尔联合缬沙坦对糖尿病肾病患者氧化应激水平、尿钠排泄及血管内皮活性的影响

目的 探讨前列地尔联合缬沙坦对糖尿病肾病（DN）患者氧化应激水平、尿钠排泄及血管内皮活性的影响。方法 选取武汉市第一医院门诊与病房2021年11月—2022年10月期间收治的DN患者98例。根据治疗方案不同,分为对照组（49例）和试验组（49例）。对照组给予缬沙坦治疗,试验组给予前列地尔联合缬沙坦治疗,比较两组治疗前后氧化应激指标水平[晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）],比较治疗前后两组肾功能情况[肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、24 h尿微量白蛋白定量（MALB）];比较两组治疗前后24 h尿钠及血浆肾素、醛固酮水平情况;比较治疗前后两组血管内皮活性情况[血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）];观察两组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后,两组AOPP、MDA降低,SOD水平上升,且试验组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组肌酐Scr、BUN、MALB水平降低,试验组更明显（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组24 h尿钠升高,肾素、醛固酮水平降低,且试验组更明显（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组VEGF、ET-1水平下降,NO水平升高,且试验组更明显（P＜0.05）,试验组疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组不良反应无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论 前列地尔联合缬沙坦治疗DN的疗效满意,可有效降低患者氧化应激水平,提高其尿钠排泄,改善内皮功能,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

离子色谱-抑制电导法测定硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子

目的 建立离子色谱–抑制电导法同时测定硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子的方法。方法 采用Dionex IonPac^TM CS12A色谱柱（250 mm×4 mm）,Dionex IonPac^TM CG12A保护柱（50 mm×4 mm）;以甲烷磺酸溶液为洗脱液,梯度洗脱,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测池温度35 ℃,电导检测器,抑制器为Dionex CDRS 600 4 mm,电流值117 mA,进样体积为25 μL。结果 镁在0.72～1.08μg/mL、钠在12.80～19.20 μg/mL、钾在3.20～4.80 μg/mL线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为101.0%、100.7%、102.9%,RSD值分别为1.4%、1.4%、0.7%。结论 该方法简单、快速、准确,能够有效地控制硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子。     

诺西那生钠注射液治疗儿童脊髓性肌萎缩症疗效观察

目的:探讨脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)患儿应用诺西那生钠注射液的临床疗效及安全性。 方法:选取 2022 年 1-6 月于我院 接受诺西那生钠鞘内注射治疗的 SMA 患儿 26 例,于治疗当天(T0)、第 14 天(T1)、第 28 天(T2)及第 63 天(T3)评估并比较 Hammersmith 扩展功能运动量表(HFMSE)、上肢模块修订版(RULM)、6 分钟步行试验(6MWT)及不良反应发生情况。 结果:与 T0 比较,T3 时 HFMSE 评分升高[(20. 69± 14. 64 ) 分 vs. ( 23. 38± 15. 69) 分, P< 0. 01]。 与 T0 比较,T3 时 RULM 评分升高 [(18. 27±10. 15)分 vs. (19. 88±10. 21)分,P<0. 05]。 结论:SMA 患儿应用诺西那生钠注射液治疗后,HFMSE 和 RULM 评分显 著提高,近端肢体运动功能明显改善,且无明显不良反应发生     

唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗原发性骨质疏松疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗原发性骨质疏松的有效性与安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、万方数据库,检索时间均为建库至2018年12月,采用改良Jadad量表及Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具评价纳入研究的方法学质量。使用Rev Man5.3及Stata15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入12篇文献,1 344例患者。Meta分析结果表明:在疗效方面,腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)在治疗12个月后[SMD=0.96,95%CI(0.03,1.90),P=0.04]、24个月后[SMD=1.70,95%CI(0.30,3.11),P=0.02],股骨颈BMD在治疗12个月后[SMD=0.34,95%CI(0.19,0.50),P0.000 1],VAS评分[MD=-0.76,95%CI(-0.93,-0.58),P0.000 01],Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)[MD=-10.48,95%CI(-11.38,-9.58),P0.000 01],差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),唑来膦酸治疗效果优于阿仑膦酸钠。在安全性方面,不良反应[RR=1.79,95%CI(1.41,2.28),P0.000 01]差异具有统计学意义,唑来膦酸安全性小于阿仑膦酸钠。结论与阿仑膦酸钠相比,唑来膦酸在治疗后期能明显提高患者腰椎、股骨颈BMD,有效降低VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数,进而显著提升患者的生活质量,但不良反应相对较多。     

丹参素钠-PLGA缓释微球的制备及药剂学性能评价

目的:优选丹参素钠-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)缓释微球的处方工艺并考察其药剂学性能。方法:采用W/O/O型乳化溶剂挥发法制备丹参素钠-PLGA微球,以载药量、包封率及收率为考察指标,通过单因素试验优选处方工艺,并考察其体外释药性能。采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射法对该微球进行表征。结果:选取内水相体积300μL,PLGA质量浓度125 g·L~(-1),二氯甲烷-丙酮(3∶7),外油相为液体石蜡200 m L,加入正己烷6 m L,0.25%司盘80为乳化剂,1 400 r·min~(-1)搅拌4 h。丹参素钠-PLGA微球平均载药量(20.71±1.42)%,平均包封率(63.27±1.70)%,平均收率(99.10±0.83)%,体外累积释放率达98%需要120 h。平均粒径(71.72±1.71)μm,表面圆整光滑,内部含有蜂窝状孔洞。部分药物可能以晶体状态分散于载体材料中。结论:W/O/O型乳化溶剂挥发法成功制备了丹参素钠-PLGA微球,优选的处方工艺稳定合理,可为丹参素钠制剂的开发提供参考。